Introduction to CSM: tirgul 1
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1. Logining into the computer at the Lubin Building:
   ==========================
  a. creating a POB account
     Further information at
          http://ca.huji.ac.il/services/internet/mail/pob.shtml
  b. Logining into a work station
   

2. Internet:
   ========

  a. The Internet \ WWW:
     1. Basically, computers participate in a network and may send/receive
	messages to/from each other.
     2. There are several browsers which can be used: netscape or
     Internet Explorer.	
     3. The course home-page: www.cs.huji.ac.il/~introcsm
     4. Perform Register to the course through the register link (if you fail,
	try again). 
        The link is at:
        http://www.cs.huji.ac.il/~introcsm/technical.html

        When you select it you will be asked for a login and password:
         login: Your I.D. number with the leading zero and without the 
                control digit ('sifrat bikoret').
         password: Your four digit secret number ('pinkas tashlumim').  

  c. Newsgroup:
     1. The newsgroup is a media in which a group of people may have 
	discussions about a certain topic or topics they're interested in.
     2. You can read the local.course.introcsm.ta and
        local.course.introcsm.stud news groups by clicking on the links on
        Contact page of the course site.
     3. The newsgroup enables you to:
	* read the posts.
        * post a message.
        * reply to a post (to newsgroup or to sender).
     4. You should post in the introcsm newsgroups only things that may 
	interest ALL of the students that participate in the course (such as
	questions about the exercises).	Any personal stuff should be sent
	by email.
     5. Set the news server to:
                        nntpserver.cs.huji.ac.il
        In netscape under : Edit
                              |- Preferences
                                     |_Mail & Newsgroups
                                             |
                                              -News group servers
        Select "Add" and enter nntpserver.cs.huji.ac.il
        

  d. Email:
     0. You must open an email address on pob.
     1. All of you have an email address: yourlogin@pob.huji.ac.il
     2. The introcsm email is: introcsm@cs.huji.ac.il
	Use this email for personal problems (miluim, sickness, etc.).
     3. If you are in the university you may use: @cs instead: @cs.huji.ac.il
     4. There are many mail-applications, e.g. netscape ie5. 
     5. By using mail-application you may:
	* get messages
	* reply to messages
	* forward messages
	* delete messages
	* save messages in folders.
     7. Exercise: send an email to yourselves.
     8. Set the mail server to:
                        pob.huji.ac.il
        In netscape under : Edit
                              |- Preferences
                                     |_Mail & Newsgroups
                                             |
                                              -Mail servers
        Select "Add" in "incoming mail servers" and enter pob.huji.ac.il
        (Server type is POP3)
        In the "Outgoing mail (SMTP) server" enter pob.huji.ac.il
        and in "Outgoing mail server user name" enter your login (user name)

     9. Another option is to read the mail using the following web page:
        http://webmail.huji.ac.il
        Each time you will have to choose the mail server (pob) and enter
        your login and password.

3. The Command Prompt Window:
   =========
   To interact with the computer in a textual manner we must use a
   command prompt window.
   You may open a command prompt window by:
   a. Clicking on the 'Start' Button on your desktop.
   b. choosing 'Run' option
   c. in the command line write 'cmd'(win2000) or 'command' (win98) 
      and click on the 'o.k' button or just press Enter.

 

4. The File System + Editor
   ========================
   a. What is a file: everything we want the computer to remember, eventually,
      translates into a sequence of 0/1 bits which is called a file.
   b. We usually don't see the ones and zeros. For example the introcsm 
      home-page is a file and so is any letter, program or document you will
      ever read or write.
   c. A file has attributes such as:
      * name
      * permissions (who may read/modify the file)
      * dates (creation modification etc.)
      * size
      * owner
   d. There are many operations we may apply on a file such as:
      * create
      * delete
      * read
      * modify
      * rename
   e. One of the ways to create or modify a file is by using an editor. 
      The editor that you will use is called 'emacs' for windows. (free
      software that can be installed on your home p.c also.
      To invoke emacs just click on the icon on the computers desktop 'emacs '
   f. Exercise: 
      * using emacs, create and save a file named 'try.txt' that 
        contains the string "hello" and a newline 
        (press enter after the hello).
   
   g. The FILE-SYSTEM has a tree structure to help us stay organized. This 
      means for example that:
      * Each of you have a home-directory named: H:\yourlogin
      * A directory may contain regular-files (such as 'try.txt' we created 
	earlier) or other directories (that in turn may also contain other
	file or directories and so on ...).
   h. The disk space you have for saving your work is on disk 'H:',
      we also recommend to always save a copy of your work on a floppy disk.

5. Basic Prompt  commands (for windows)

   Note: Most commands work on all windows versions 95,98,2000. some
   only on windows 2000.
   ====================
  
   1. dir:
      List files and directories.
      Options: 
        /a: List all files including hidden ones (files starting with a '.').
        /p: List all files page after page (used for long list of files)
        
      Example: 
        type in your home-directory: 'dir' ; 'dir /s' ; 'dir /a' ;
	 'dir \temp' ; 'dir *.txt'

   3. cd:
      Change current directory to the given directory.
      Special-directories:
        cd         : your home directory
	..	  : The parent directory
	cd ..\temp  : The directory temp which lies in your parent
      directory (the directory above you).
      When no argument is given, change to your home-directory.
     
	
   4. pwd (win2000):
      Print the current working directory.

   5. mkdir:
      Create a new directory with a given name.
      Example: 'mkdir stam' ; 'dir' ; 'mkdir stam2' ; 'dir'

   6. rmdir:
      Remove a given directory, works only if the directory is empty.
      Example: 'rmdir stam2' ; 'dir'

   7. copy:
      Copy a given file to a given location.
      Example: 
      * 'copy try.txt try_copy.txt' and 'dir'
      * 'cd stam' ; 'copy ../try.txt .' ; 'dir'

   8. ren: 
      Rename a given file to a given name.
      Example: 
      * 'ren try.txt newname.txt' ; 'dir' ; 
      
   9. move:
      move/Rename a given file to a given location/naem
      Example:
      *'mv newname.txt ..\*.*' ; 'dir' ; 'dir ..'

   10. del:
      Remove a given file.
      Example: 'del ../newname.txt' ; 'dir ..'

   11.more:
      Type a given file's content.
      Example: 'cd ..' ; 'more try.txt'

  
   16.jar:
      Combines multiple files into a single JAR archive file.
      You will use this application when you submit your solutions. This is 
      needed since your solutions will use more than one file (with the 
      exception of ex1) but you may submit only one file per exercise.
      Example:
        1- We will create a JAR file named stam_tirgul.jar from the files
	   'try.txt' and 'try_copy.txt'.
	2- We will submit this JAR file through the intro2cs home-page.
	3- We will open the JAR file in a different directory (you should do
	   that before submitting to check that everything is o.k.):
	* jar cfv stam_tirgul.jar try.txt try_copy.txt
	* submit though home-page using the 'stam_tirgul' link
	* mkdir check_jar
	  copy stam_tirgul.jar check_jar
	  cd check_jar 
	  jar xvf stam_tirgul.jar
	  dir

6. Compiling and Running java programs
   ===================================

  a. To compile a java program just write the command 'javac a.java' (a.java 
     is your programs text file) in a command window. This will create a 
     class file from your text file. This can also be done inside some
     editors( for example editplus, emacs)
     Example: 'javac Hello.java' creates the file 'Hello.class'.
  b. To run a java program write the command 'java a' where 'a.class' is
     the file you previously created.